Food

Coffee and caffeine

Dietary factor.

In practice

It depends on the case; there is no single guideline.

Effect by goal · level of evidence

Multiple health outcomes

association High study (A)

Umbrella review (112 meta-analyses): coffee consumption (around 3–4 cups/day) is associated with lower risk of several cancers, cardiovascular disease, mortality, Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes. Very consistent observational associations; the balance of moderate coffee is favorable (except in pregnancy or if it causes insomnia).

View the study (study) →

In depth

Diet · Highest evidence: High · 1 finding

Findings

Multiple health outcomes — association (High, study). Umbrella review (112 meta-analyses): coffee consumption (around 3-4 cups/day) is associated with lower risk of several cancers, cardiovascular disease, mortality, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes. Very consistent observational associations; the balance of moderate coffee is favorable (except in pregnancy or if it causes insomnia). 28826374

Information, not medical advice. Prescription drugs require a doctor.

Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.