It depends on the case; there is no single guideline.
Effect by goal · level of evidence
Glucose control on waking
harmsLow-moderatestudy (A)
Crossover trial (29 adults): after a fragmented night, waking blood sugar was not worsened by the bad night itself, but it DID worsen when drinking caffeinated coffee before breakfast. It suggests having breakfast first and drinking coffee afterward if you are concerned about glucose.
Glucose control upon waking — harms (Low-moderate, study). Crossover trial (29 adults): after a fragmented night, blood sugar on waking did not worsen because of the bad night itself, but it DID worsen when drinking caffeinated coffee before breakfast. Suggests eating breakfast first and having the coffee afterward if you are concerned about glucose. 32475359
Information, not medical advice. Prescription drugs require a doctor.
Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.