Mechanism

Endorphins and the endogenous opioid system

Endogenous opioid peptides (β-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins) produced by the central nervous system that act on μ, δ, and κ receptors. They regulate natural analgesia, pleasure, the stress response, and \"runner's high\". Their chronic dysregulation contributes to chronic pain, depression, and addictions.

Effect by goal · level of evidence

Addictions

modulates Very high physiology (A)

Target in addiction

Addictions to opioids, alcohol, tobacco, and sugar recruit the endogenous opioid system. Naltrexone blocks the μ receptor and helps in alcohol and opioid dependence.

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Depression and pleasure

modulates Moderate physiology (A)

Depression pathway

The endogenous opioid system participates in depressive anhedonia. Low-dose buprenorphine has been investigated as an antidepressant with favorable preliminary data.

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Stress and resilience

modulates Moderate physiology (A)

Resilience modulator

The endorphin axis modulates the acute stress response. People with greater endogenous release show better recovery after intense stressors.

Natural analgesia

increases Very high physiology (A)

Endogenous analgesia

Prolonged intense aerobic exercise (>40 min), meditation, moderate physical contact, and laughter release endorphins with an acute analgesic effect. It is the basis of the 'runner's high'.

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Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.