Prospective study (4,730 women, ~10 years): prolonged fasting periods and weight-loss diets were linked to more hospitalizations for gallstones. Observational: association, causation not proven.
View the study (study) →No safe threshold: lowers IQ and alters attention/behavior in children. Prevention is avoiding the source (old paint and pipes, soil).
View the study →Chronic exposure is associated with kidney damage and hypertension.
View the study →⏱ 3 min read
Lead is a neurotoxin for which no safe level of exposure exists, especially in children and pregnant women. It accumulates in bone (where it persists for decades) and affects the developing brain (loss of IQ, attention and behavior problems), the kidney, heme synthesis (anemia) and blood pressure.
Common sources: old paint, old pipes, contaminated soil and water, some ceramics, cosmetics and traditional remedies, and workplaces (batteries, foundries). Prevention means avoiding the source; blood lead is the biomarker.
Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.