Environmental

Nicotine (vaping / smoke-free products)

Environmental factor.

In practice

It depends on the case; there is no single guideline.

Effect by goal · level of evidence

Cardiovascular risk, cancer and reproduction

harms Low study (A)

Review: nicotine itself (separate from smoke) has effects on the cardiovascular system and reproduction, but the major cancer risk of tobacco comes mainly from combustion, not from nicotine. It is not harmless, although without smoke the risk profile changes.

View the study (study) →

In depth

Environmental · Highest evidence: Low · 1 finding

Findings

Cardiovascular risk, cancer, and reproduction — harms (Low, study). Review: nicotine itself (separate from smoke) has effects on the cardiovascular system and on reproduction, but the major cancer risk of tobacco comes mainly from combustion, not from nicotine. It is not harmless, although without smoke the risk profile changes. 32595938

Information, not medical advice. Prescription drugs require a doctor.

Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.