Environmental

Smoking (association with Parkinson's)

Environmental factor.

In practice

It depends on the case; there is no single guideline.

Precautions

Smoking kills; it is not a preventive strategy.

Effect by goal · level of evidence

Parkinson's disease risk

association Low-moderate study (A)

One of the strongest associations in neuroepidemiology: smokers have LESS Parkinson's, and a neuroprotective effect has been proposed (nicotine?). BUT nicotine trials in Parkinson's have failed, and smoking causes disease and death: it is NOT a recommendation, only a research lead.

View the study (study) →

In depth

Environmental · Highest evidence: Low-moderate · 1 finding

⚠️ Smoking kills; it is not a preventive strategy.

Findings

Parkinson's disease risk — association (Low-moderate, study). One of the strongest associations in neuroepidemiology: smokers have LESS Parkinson's, and a neuroprotective effect has been proposed (nicotine?). BUT nicotine trials in Parkinson's have failed, and smoking causes disease and death: it is NOT a recommendation, only a research lead. 38226487

Information, not medical advice. Prescription drugs require a doctor.

Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.