Lifestyle

Substances (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, etc.)

Lifestyle.

In practice

It depends on the case; there is no single guideline.

Effect by goal · level of evidence

Sleep disturbances

harms Low-moderate study (A)

Review: caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cocaine and cannabis alter sleep architecture (less deep or REM sleep, awakenings). Reducing these substances, especially in the afternoon and evening, improves sleep quality.

View the study (study) →

In depth

Lifestyle · Highest evidence: Low-moderate · 1 finding

Findings

Sleep disturbances — harms (Low-moderate, study). Review: caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cocaine, and cannabis disrupt sleep architecture (less deep or REM sleep, awakenings). Cutting back on these substances, especially in the afternoon and evening, improves sleep quality. 26346395

Information, not medical advice. Prescription drugs require a doctor.

Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.