Low levels are associated with sexual hypoactivity and erectile dysfunction. Replacement therapy improves libido and erections in biochemically confirmed hypogonadism.
View the study (meta-analysis) →Direct muscle anabolism. Decline with age contributes to sarcopenia. Strength exercise is the most potent endogenous stimulus for maintaining it.
View the study (review) →Deficiency is associated with fatigue, irritability, apathy, and treatment-resistant depression. Replacement in hypogonadism improves mood; in normogonadism the effect is uncertain.
View the study (systematic review) →Observational data suggest a U-shaped association: very low and very high levels are associated with more events. Replacement therapy requires strict clinical judgment.
Information, not medical advice. Scientific evidence reflects the quality of the studies.