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Amino acids are the pieces with which the body builds proteins, but several also work as supplements with an effect of their own: neurotransmitter precursors (tryptophan and 5-HTP for serotonin, tyrosine for dopamine), muscle energy substrates (creatine, beta-alanine, carnitine), nervous system modulators (glycine, taurine, L-theanine, GABA) or methyl group donors and antioxidants (SAMe, N-acetylcysteine).
This mechanism groups the profiles of amino acids and derivatives so they can be viewed together; the evidence and dose vary a great deal from one to another, so it is best to look at each profile separately.
Information, not medical advice.