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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, to a degree that interferes with daily life. In the brain it is associated with altered regulation of dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex, the region that governs planning, impulse control, and working memory.
Important: ADHD is diagnosed and treated clinically. The treatment with the most evidence combines drugs (stimulants and non-stimulants) with behavioral support; what appears on this map are adjuncts with variable evidence, not substitutes for treatment.
Levers with evidence (modest to moderate): omega-3s —especially EPA— show a small but consistent effect on symptoms; regular exercise improves attention and executive function; sleep and circadian rhythms are key (their deficit mimics and worsens ADHD); and correcting iron, zinc, or magnesium deficiencies helps when they exist. Saffron has matched methylphenidate in small trials, and caffeine (sometimes with L-theanine) gives a mild attentional boost. Phosphatidylserine has preliminary signals.
It connects with neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine), cognition, and sleep.
Information, not medical advice.